Learn more about a common skin condition, eczema, and how our board-certified dermatologists can help you.
Eczema, sometimes referred to as atopic dermatitis, is a condition of the skin that leaves it dry and irritated, causing it to crack and sometimes bleed. Eczema can be seen in patients of all ages, but particularly children. It is a very common term used to describe inflammatory skin conditions that lead to chronic itching and skin damage. There are numerous things that can trigger and/or worsen eczema, including soaps, chemicals, fragrances, food allergies, pet dander, other systemic allergies, and other irritants to name a few. There are numerous treatments including topical corticosteroid creams, immunomodulators, ultraviolet light treatment, and others.
Causes
While physicians are unsure of the exact cause of eczema, it is thought to be a combination of several factors:
- Genetics
- Immune dysfunction
- Environmental exposures, including:
- Irritating soaps
- Changes in weather
Children are more likely to have eczema; however, people can develop eczema at any age. Some children will grow out of it but it may return again in later years. Those with asthma, hay fever, and certain allergies are more prone to eczema than others. Additionally, a family history of eczema or asthma and hay fever can increase the risk of developing eczema to flare.
Symptoms
Eczema presents with dry, itching skin that can be red and cracked, or can occasionally be bumpy. Severe forms of eczema can cause fluid to come out from the cracks left in the skin. If left untreated, these cracks can allow bacteria and viruses to penetrate the skin and lead to a more serious infection.